Recent advances in the synthesis and energetic properties of potassium-based potential green primary explosives

Primary explosives are utilized as a reliable initiator for secondary explosives in an extensive range of military and civilian operations. Heavy–metal–based primary explosives are moderate performing, more sensitive, and environmentally hazardous, posing a direct and indirect threat to health and safety. Therefore, heavy–metal–based primaries have been replaced by environment-friendly metal-based primary explosives, such as potassium complexes. This review presents not only a summary of the current progress of new-generation potassium-based primary explosives and their methods of preparation, energetic properties, and applications, but also a further comparison with traditional primary explosives. In addition, this work discusses the necessity of heavy metal–free primary explosives and the major challenges faced in replacing traditional primary explosives.     

新型夜瞄复合荧光材料在步兵轻武器中的应用研究

采用自制的复合荧光粉体和化学载体成分,研制出一种步兵轻武器新型夜瞄复合荧光材料.试验研究和实际使用结果表明,研制的新材料发光时间长、亮度高,具有良好的耐温、耐腐蚀性能,不受轻武器的日常使用和维护影响,可满足步兵轻武器夜间瞄准需求.     

Effect of fusion welding processes on tensile properties of armor grade,high thickness,non-heat treatable aluminium alloy joints

AA5059 is one of the high strength armor grade aluminium alloy that finds its applications in the military vehicles due to the higher resistance against the armor piercing (AP) threats. This study aimed at finding the best suitable process among the fusion welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) by evaluating the tensile properties of AA5059 aluminium alloy joints. The fracture path was identified by mapping the low hardness distribution profile (LHDP) across the weld cross section under tensile loading. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the microstructural features of the welded joints at various zones. It is evident from the results that GTAW joints showed superior tensile properties compared to GMAW joints and this is primarily owing to the presence of finer grains in the weld metal zone (WMZ) and narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ). The lower heat input associated with the GTAW process effectively reduced the size of the WMZ and HAZ compared to GMAW process. Lower heat input of GTAW process results in faster cooling rate which hinders the grain growth and reduces the evaporation of magnesium in weld metal compared to GMAW joints. The fracture surface of GTAW joint consists of more dimples than GMAW joints which is an indication that the GTAW joint possess improved ductility than GMAW joint.     

感烟火灾探测器响应模拟问题研究

通过介绍感烟火灾探测器响应模拟的不同方法,给出了感烟火灾探测器响应模拟所存在的问题及在设计安装过程中所需的性能参数,提出了解决这些问题的思路和方法。同时为进一步提高感烟火灾探测器对火灾信号的准确响应,指出了今后火灾中烟气性能参数的研究方向。     

安静型夹芯复合材料舵设计及其力学性能分析

通过对夹芯复合材料各层材料的选择,以及夹芯复合材料舵壳的结构设计,提出了夹芯复合材料舵的设计方案和制作工艺。并利用有限元方法计算了复合材料舵壳在流体压力作用下的应力和变形,以及在瞬态载荷作用下舵壳的振动响应。计算结果表明,夹芯复合材料舵壳满足结构的强度和刚度的要求,同时振动水平与钢舵比较有很大的改善。     

碳化硼涂覆的碳纤维的抗热氧化性研究

用自己合成的裂解能得到碳化硼的聚碳硼烷,对碳纤维进行涂层,并详细测试了涂层碳纤维的抗热氧化性能。     

注胶修复工艺的耐高温环氧树脂体系工艺性能

针对注胶修复工艺要求,采用差示扫描量热法热分析和流变仪测试三种中温固化配方的耐高温缩水甘油胺型环氧树脂体系的固化特性和化学流变特性,通过对比分析三种配方树脂体系的固化条件和黏度特性,确定MF-4101/ZH110/DMP-30树脂体系为最适宜注胶修复工艺的配方。建立该树脂体系在等温条件下黏度特性曲线的Daul Arrhenius模型和高阶指数拟合模型。结果表明,高阶指数拟合模型的预测精度和适用范围均优于Daul Arrhenius模型,预测黏度与实验结果具有良好的一致性,根据高阶指数拟合模型建立的黏度随温度、时间变化的唯象关系式,可以准确地预报修复树脂体系的工艺窗口。     

SiO2气凝胶复合短切莫来石纤维多孔骨架复合材料的制备及性能

将短切莫来石纤维、硅溶胶、B4C粉,经过1260℃烧结制备多孔骨架,以正硅酸乙酯、去离子水和乙醇配制SiO2溶胶,并将多孔骨架与SiO2溶胶浸渍,经过超临界干燥制备SiO2气凝胶复合的莫来石隔热瓦.通过热重和差热分析、X射线能谱分析,表明B4C在700℃～900℃时发生氧化,生成B2O3将短切纤维粘接到一起,莫来石多孔骨架在1500℃以下稳定存在.具有纳米级孔洞结构的SiO2气凝胶填充了多孔骨架的微米级孔洞,隔热瓦的热导率在200℃、500℃、800℃、1000℃分别下降了44.3%、33.8%、34.6%、29.5%.此外,SiO2气凝胶的复合使得抗弯和抗压强度分别提高了50%和40%.     

功能化离子液体的合成表征及其作为润滑剂的性质

通过两步法合成了含酯基官能团的咪唑类离子液体1-乙酸乙酯基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐，用核磁共振、红外光谱、元素分析对其进行了结构表征，证明了该合成方法的可靠性；对功能化离子液体的基本物化性质、熔点、热稳定性及其作为润滑剂的粘温性、蒸发损失、金属腐蚀性等进行了全面研究，并选择了含有相同烷基的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐传统离子液体进行对比，发现官能团的引入，使传统烷基咪唑类离子液体展现出不同的特性，同时发现两种离子液体均对金属表面有较强的腐蚀作用，为进一步开展功能化离子液体的摩擦学研究打下了基础。     

RTM工艺整体成型复合材料连接裙轴压性能

整体成型的固体火箭发动机复合材料连接裙有助于连接裙的减重及其使用性能的提高。本文采用RTM工艺制备出了全复合材料整体连接裙并对其进行了轴压承载性能考核。试验结果表明,RTM工艺整体成型的复合材料连接裙质量均匀,在设计载荷作用下,连接裙的轴向应变远小于0.5%的复合材料许用应变指标,连接裙的轴向表观结构刚度为40.9GPa。